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KGB Lieutenant Colonel Vladimir Popov: KGB and white emigration, kidnapping of General MillerAuthor: Metropolitan Agafangel. Publish Date: . Category: Society.
Notes of a former KGB lieutenant colonel: Operations of Soviet agents in France on the abduction of the leaders of the White Guard emigration of Generals Miller and Kutepov One of the authors of the book "KGB plays chess" and former employee of the State Security Committee of the USSR Vladimir Popov recently completed work on his memoirs. In the book "Conspiracy of scoundrels. Notes of the former KGB lieutenant colonel" he tells about the formation of the regime of Russian President Vladimir Putin, his associates, his work in the committee and key events to which the Soviet special services were involved. Previously, the book was not published. With the author's consent, GORDON exclusively publishes chapters from it. In this part Popov writes about Soviet intelligence agents who operated on the territory of France and participated in the kidnapping of two leaders of the White Guards emigration, the leaders of the Russian All-Military Union, Generals Alexander Kutepov and Evgeny Miller.
Pictured: General Eugene Miller with his wife. In the background of the car - an agent of the Soviet special services Nikolai Scoblin
Vladimir POPOV
Sergey Tretyakov (Agent Ivanov)
From the first days of the civil war, the Soviet secret services began to actively develop the White Guard emigration. In the early 1920s, the external intelligence of the Soviet Union was aimed at the leadership of the party and the country to solve the following priorities: the identification of counter-revolutionary terrorist organizations in the territory of neighboring states, preparing to overthrow the Soviet power; Development of enemy intelligence and counterintelligence organizations; Obtaining political and economic, including documentary, information abroad; measures to divide and discredit white emigration organizations and their leaders. In the 1920s, the main enemy of the USSR was defined White Guard emigration. External intelligence (in the terminology of those years) of the new Soviet secret service UGPU managed to infiltrate the main white-emigrant organizations by agents. In particular, reliable intelligence positions were created in the expatriate military structures of the Russian General Military Union (ROVS) and the People's Union for the Protection of the Motherland and Freedom (NSRS), as well as in the Trade, Finance and Industrial Committee ("Tradeprom"), which brought together more than 600 former major Russian bankers and entrepreneurs. "Torgprom" was created in 1920 in Paris to protect the interests of Russian industrialists who had to leave their homeland. He demanded the "restoration of property rights" and tried to prevent the establishment of economic ties of Soviet Russia with foreign countries. Among the organizers and leaders of "Torgprom" were prominent Russian capitalists, including Tretyakov. Sergey Tretyakov was born on August 26, 1882 in Moscow, was a member of the family of Moscow textile manufacturers Tretyakov, the founders of the famous art gallery bearing their name - Tretyakov Gallery. He graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the University of Moscow. Married was on a representative of the most famous merchant family Natalia Mammothova. Sergey Tretyakov. Photo: wikipedia.org He was consistently the head of the factory-trading partnership "Nikolai Tretyakov and Co." and the partnership of the Kostrom linen manufacture. Subsequently, he was one of the most influential entrepreneurs in the textile industry in Russia. He was a member of a group of young Russian capitalists, headed by a big businessman Pavel Ryabushinsky.
Tretyakov was a member of the Progressive Party, established in 1912, then a member of the Party of Cadets, on the lists of which in June 1917 was elected a vowel of the Moscow City Council. Twice Tretyakov was offered ministerial posts in the Provisional Government. But Tretyakov's conditions for establishing strict order in the country, restoring the combat power of the army, uniting with the allies and removing viktor Chernov from the government were not accepted. Tretyakov's appointment did not take place.
During the October coup, he was arrested in the Winter Palace with members of the Provisional Government. Until February 1918 he was detained in the Petropavlovsk fortress. After his release he fled to Kolchak, where he joined the Provisional Siberian (Omsk) Government as Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers. In 1920 Tretyakov emigrated to France. He settled with his family in Paris, where he held a prominent place in the Russian emigration. He headed the Russian Chamber of Commerce and was deputy head of The Trade Bank. As a representative of both organizations, Tretyakov had constant contacts with French government agencies. However, his life in France did not work out. He's impoverished. I had to make a living as an editor and distributor of a small edition magazine. His wife was forced to work as a salesman in a perfume shop, her daughter - a fashionista, sewed hats. Tretyakov drank. Life seemed meaningless. He attempted suicide (he was saved by his daughter, who unexpectedly came to his father). Frustrated in white emigration in Europe, Tretyakov in 1929 became an agent of the foreign department (INO) of the USSR UGPU under the pseudonym Ivanov, which he has since signed his intelligence messages. In the first such message, which crowned the recruitment conversation, he wrote disappointedly that "immigration has lost any importance in the sense of the struggle against the Soviet power and in the sense of influence on the policy of foreign states", "immigration dies a long time ago, spiritually it is a dead man". According to the rules of the Soviet secret services, the intelligence messages submitted during the recruitment conversation and first signed by an elected pseudonym were attached to the agent's "personal case" which, depending on the value of the agent, should have been kept for decades or forever. This is the difference between a "personal matter" and another part of any agent's case, the so-called "work case," which focused on all the messages provided by the agent during the collaboration. Usually the "working case" was destroyed in the event of a cessation of communication with the agent or in the event of his death. But the "personal business," including agent Ivanov (Tretyakov), will be stored forever. With the help of Ivanov, the Soviet intelligence managed to infiltrate the leadership of the ROVS. To some extent, the following circumstances contributed to this. In the 1930s, the Soviet Union obtained 225 million gold francs, provided in the form of loans by France to the government of Tsarist Russia for the purchase of weapons during the First World War. The money was used by a military agent (military attache for modern terminology) of Russia in France, Major General of the General Staff Alexey Ignatieff.
After the victory of the Bolsheviks, he switched to their side and in exchange for obtaining Soviet citizenship for himself and his wife - the famous ballerina Natalia Trukhanova gave the USSR the state money he had. Some of them were used by Soviet intelligence to fight against Russian monarchical and white organizations operating in France and on Soviet agents abroad. Ivanov (Tretyakov), for example, bought a house number 29 on the Rue Colosseum, in the outskirts of Paris. Agent Ivanov's cooperation with Soviet intelligence was very effective. He was authoritative in the highest expat circles and was friendly with many leaders of the white movement, who found themselves after the revolution and the civil war in France. Among Tretyakov's close friends was General Alexander Kutepov.
Kidnapping and murder of General Kutepov
In 1917 Kutepov commanded a regiment in the rank of colonel. He did not accept the revolution and on December 24, 1917 he joined the Volunteer Army, in which he fought before its defeat and forced evacuation of whites from Crimea in November 1920. By this time Kutepov had the rank of lieutenant general and served as commander of the army.
In 1924, General Peter Wrangel, the last commander of the troops of the South of Russia, in the conditions of emigration created the ROVS, the goal of which was to keep the Russian army abroad. ROVS had units (departments) by country, where they found shelter parts of the White Army. The Supreme Leadership of the ROVS was carried out by Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich, uncle of Tsar Nicholas II, former commander of the Russian imperial army in World War I. In 1928, a Soviet intelligence agent infected General Wrangel with a tuberculosis stick, leaving him ill for 38 days and died. The subsequent analysis showed the presence of a tuberculosis stick in his blood, exceeding 14 times the norm in the usual disease.
The new leader of the ROVS, after Wrangel's death, was Kutepov, an ardent supporter of the fight against the Bolsheviks. The development of the new head of the ROVS was thrown freshly-bombed agent Ivanov, with whom the general maintained friendly relations.
Kutepov created a special secret unit inside the ROVS - "Inside Line" which became a body of counterintelligence and intelligence. This structure was designed to identify Soviet intelligence agents among the emigrants and train militants for sending to the USSR and carry out terrorist attacks, which, according to Kutepov, were supposed to be the catalyst for another round of struggle against the Bolsheviks. Alexander Kutepov. Photo: wikipedia.org In 1929, Joseph Stalin authorized the abduction of Kutepov and his removal to the Soviet Union. The organization and conduct of this operation was entrusted to prominent Chekists Yakov Serebryansky and Sergei Puzitsky. Yakov Serebryansky (Bergman) was born in 1891 in Minsk. At the age of 16 he joined the militant organization of Jewish self-defense and participated in the liquidation of five Black-hundred, organizers of the pogrom in Mahilou in October 1904. Then he joined the party of Esers and became one of the fighters of the radical wing of the party - SS maximalists, who committed assassination attempts on representatives of the tsarist administration. After the February Revolution, Bergman became a member of the Baku Council of the SS party and was elected as a delegate to the first congress of the North Caucasus councils. At the same time he was the commander of the security unit of the Baku Council. After the British occupation of Baku, Bergman moved to the Persian city of Resht.
In May 1920, units of the Red Army, chasing the British and whites, entered the territory of Persia and soon the city of Resht was proclaimed the capital of the Gilyan Soviet Republic. The commissioner of the headquarters of the Persian Red Army was Jacob Blumkin, the assassin of the German ambassador Count Mirbach. Blumkin's acquaintance with Bergman predetermined the fate of the latter. He was enlisted in the special department of the Persian Red Army. In the fall of 1920, Bergman was transferred to Moscow as secretary of the administrative and organizational department of the HPC, where he worked under the direction of Vyacheslav Menzhinsky and met with the head of the special department Artur Artuzov. In 1923, Yakov Blumkin was appointed as a resident of Soviet intelligence in Palestine. Bergman he chose to be deputy. Under the surname Serebryan Bergman went on his first foreign trip as a scout. A year later, Blumkin was recalled to Moscow. As a resident, he was replaced by Serebryansky, who in a short period of time managed to create an extensive intelligence network of zionist immigrants and White Guards emigration.
In 1925, Serebryansky was transferred to Belgium, in 1927 - to France. In both countries, he headed illegal residency. According to the results of his work, he was awarded two named weapons, and on his return to Moscow in 1929 - the badge "Honorary Chekist." At the same time, he became the head of the 1st branch of the foreign department (INO) of the UGPU, which carried out illegal intelligence abroad. At the same time, he led a special group that was directly subordinated to the leadership of the UGPU. One of the main tasks of the group was the physical elimination of the most dangerous enemies of the Soviet regime from the white emigration. Puzitsky Sergey, born in 1895, was a native of the town of Lomzha in the Prislin region of Poland. His father worked as a teacher in the 2nd Moscow gymnasium. In 1912, Puzitsky entered the Faculty of Law of Moscow University. After the outbreak of the First World War he was enrolled in the Alexandrov Military School, after which he was promoted to warrant officer. After the October coup, he sided with the Bolsheviks. Since the spring of 1918, Puzitsky has been an investigator of the revolutionary tribunal of the republic. He is also charged with inspecting military tribunals on a number of fronts. He is promoted to the head of the investigative department of the revtribunal. In 1921, Puzitsky was transferred to the HCV, where he was the head of the 16th Special Branch of the Special Branch of the HPC, and then assistant head of the counterintelligence department of the UGPU. Puzicki was actively involved in a number of operational games, which were conducted by the HPC, and then the UGPU with white emigrant organizations, including Operation Trust, was among the Chekists who arrested the English intelligence officer Sidney Reilly, who tried to organize an anti-Bolshevik underground in the territory of the Soviet Union. In addition, Puzitsky was playing the operational game "Syndicate-2" aimed at eliminating the famous eser-terrorist Boris Savinkov. Under the surname Novitskiy Puzitsky managed to infiltrate the organization of Savinkov and lure him to the territory of the USSR, where he was arrested. For this operation Puzitsky was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
Serebryansky and Puzitsky developed and directly led the operation called "Overseas" on kutepov's abduction. To participate in it, Serebryansky enlisted former White Guards recruited by him in Palestine - Andrei Turizhnikov and Rupert Eske-Rachkovskiy. A French policeman who was Ignatieff's agent was also involved in the operation.
Agent Ivanov took the most active part in the preparation of the operation, as he was very familiar with Kutepov and immediately informed his curators in the UGPU about all his plans. On January 26, 1930, Kutepov went to a memorial service for General Alexander Kaulbars, who died a year ago. Not far from the church where the memorial was to take place, Kutepov stopped a policeman (Ignatieff's agent) under the pretext of checking documents. Making sure that in front of him the head of the ROVS, he gave a signal to two dense additions to the men standing next to the waiting car. The two attacked Kutepov and managed to push him into the car. A policeman jumped on the bandwagon and the car rushed through the streets of Paris. Once in the car, Kutepov began to fiercely resist the kidnappers. And those, afraid to draw attention to the rushing car, which was a desperate struggle, stabbed Kutepov. His body was never found. For Kutepov's murder, Serebryansky was awarded the Order of the Red Banner, and Puzitsky was promoted. He became deputy head of the special department of the UGPU. In 1935, Puzicki was awarded the title of Commissioner of State Security of the third rank.
In 1937, he was shot as a member of the "Trotskyist-Zinoviev bloc" and buried in an unknown grave at the Kommunarka station near Moscow, where the Chekists shot and buried hundreds of their victims every night. Serebryansky was arrested on espionage charges with his wife on November 10, 1938. On July 7, 1941, he was sentenced by a military panel of the Supreme Court of the USSR for espionage in favor of England and France to death. However, in August of the same year he was amnestied and during the war he led reconnaissance and sabotage work in Western and Eastern Europe. On December 8, 1953, after Stalin's death and Beria's execution, he was arrested again and died on March 30, 1956, in Butyrskaya prison during another interrogation.
Their accomplice Turyzhnikov Andrei Nikolaevich was enrolled on the recommendation of Serebryansky to serve in the INO UGPU. During his service as an illegal Turzhnikov reached the rank of lieutenant of state security, had a number of government awards, in particular was awarded the highest departmental award - the "Honorary Chekist" badge.
By 1939, he was the head of the 4th division of the special department of the NKVD NKVD of the USSR. On charges of spying for a number of foreign countries, he was shot on March 3, 1939. His body was buried in the same unknown grave at Kommunarka station. Eske-Rachkovskiy was also shot, but even the date of his death is unknown.
Writer Sviatoslav Rybas
Interest in the personality of General Kutepov has not abated today. An example of this is the book of the Russian writer Sviatoslav Rybas, published in 2000, "General Kutepov."
I had a direct connection to Rybas's recruitment. In the early 1970s, when the author of these lines was serving in the 2nd division of the 1st Division of the 5th Kgb Directorate of the USSR, I had the editorial office of the Literary Newspaper, the Soviet Writer's Publishing House, the Gorky Literary Institute and the highest courses of screenwriters under him. The cabinet, which I shared with the deputy head of the department, Major Gennady zareev, senior operations officer Captain Nikolai Nikanderov and senior operations officer Evgeny Auzhbikovic, had the number 916 and was located, respectively, on the ninth floor of the building 1/3 on Furkasovsky Lane. The huge building occupied by the KGB of the USSR in those years consisted of two. The second was the house number 2 on Dzerzhinsky Street, which is the Big Lubyanskaya Street. On the ninth floor, in addition to our 1st division, there were the 2nd division (development of foreign nationalist centers and nationalists from among The Soviet citizens), the 6th Division (analytical), the 9th division (development of Soviet dissidents) and the 10th department (development of foreign anti-Soviet centers). Officers of these units often went to each other's offices to solve the current operational issues, or even just chat.
Once the author of these lines asked for help the junior commissioner of the 2nd division, Senior Lieutenant Yuri Balas, and complained that he could not get the next position - the operational commissioner, and this does not give the opportunity to receive the next military rank. In short, his career was not the best. Balas therefore asked to help him find a suitable candidate for recruitment from among persons of Ukrainian nationality, who are related to the creative intelligentsia or creative youth. Recruiting an agent has always been considered a great achievement, and I promised to help him in a friendly way. Having informed through the agency held on my operational communication the necessary certificates, I received information regarding the student of the Literary Institute, originally from Ukraine, Sviatoslav Rybas. Rybas was characterized positively by officials at the place of study and by agents from among the students, including his countrymen. I sent Balas the relevant operational documents, and he started the case of the candidate for recruitment for the student of the Litinstitut Rybas, and after several meetings recruited him as a KGB agent. Soon Balas was promoted to the post, and six months later he received another military rank. Agent cooperation with the KGB agencies had a beneficial impact on the literary career of Balas Rybas. First he became the responsible secretary of the editorial board of the magazine "Rural Youth", then deputy editor-in-chief of the magazine "Young Guard", then deputy editor-in-chief of the "Literary newspaper" and, finally, the editor-in-chief of the main edition of the literary and dramatic programs of the Central Television. All his places of work were objects of operational interest of the 5th KGB Directorate of the USSR. Rybas is currently an honorary academician of the Russian Academy of Military Sciences.
It should not be surprising that Rybas's next book is an apologetic work about Stalin: "Stalin. The fate and strategy, the fruit of the joint work of Sviatoslav and his daughter Ekaterina, was positively appreciated by the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Alexey II (a long-term agent of state security), and Philip Bobkov, who noted its "timeliness" and "objectivity". Another KGB agent, Igor Jurgens, who became an agent of the 3rd Division of the 5th Directorate of the KGB of the USSR during his studies at the economic faculty of Moscow State University named after Mikhail Lomonosov, and then worked for his native state security in Paris at the UNESCO apparatus, noted a positive review of the book.
Kidnapping of General Miller
As far as Stalin was obsessed with the desire to capture alive the leaders of the ROVS, testifies to the kidnapping of the new head of the ROVS, General Eugene Miller, who succeeded Kutepov. Tretyakov was very helpful here. He managed to convince the general, who was trying to save money for the organization, to rent in Tretyakov's house for a nominal fee the lower floor, where even before Miller moved there, Soviet intelligence installed eavesdropping equipment. The receiver from this equipment was placed in a room occupied by Ivanov floor above. Therefore, from the first minutes of the ROVS's stay in the new premises, the UGPU had reliable information about the plans of the organization and its leaders. In the INO OGPU, the reports received from Ivanov's agent regarding ROVS and Miller were called "current day information" abbreviated ITD. Thousands of reports were received. With the help of agent Ivanov, the UGPU was able to recruit a special confidant of Miller, the former commander of the famous Cornish Strike Regiment, General Nikolai Skoblin, who was in charge of the top-secret "Inner Lines" in the ROVS. Nikolai Scoblin. Photo: wikipedia.org Ivanov's activities also contributed to the recruitment of lieutenant general Pavel Kusonsky, who also held a prominent position in the leadership of the ROVS.
All three - Tretyakov, Scoblin and Kusonsky - took the most active part in miller's abduction. Scoblin lured Miller to a meeting with "German officer" Stormorn, a "military attache" in a European country, and "an employee of the German Embassy in Paris" named Werner. According to Skoblin, they represented German circles interested in joint struggle with the Soviet Union. In fact, both were agents of ino UGPU and had the task to steal General Miller and deliver him to Moscow. Members of the People's Labor Union (NSS) warned Miller that Scoblin and his wife, the famous singer Plevitskaya, were clearly out of their means, and had their own home and car. The sources of their income caused serious doubts and allowed to make assumptions about their cooperation with Soviet intelligence. The source of suspicion was the unsuccessful recruitment approach to one of the NTS members in Paris. The potential agent categorically refused to cooperate and told his comrades about the incident. He also said that from conversations with the UGPU officer who tried to recruit him, he realized that the Soviet intelligence community already had an agent in the leadership of the ROVS. To believe that the combat general Scoblin, selflessly fought with the Bolsheviks on the fronts of the civil war, is an agent of the UGPU, Miller refused. However, going to a fateful meeting for him, he left a letter just in case in a sealed envelope. It was handed over to Miller by the head of the ROVS office, a Soviet intelligence agent, Kusonsky, with the words: "Don't think I'm crazy. But if I don't come back from a date, please open this envelope and read my note in it." Kusonsky could not destroy the letter, which was known in the office of the ROVS. The envelope, however, was not opened until 11 p.m., when miller's kidnapping operation was completed. The letter said: "I have a date with General Scoblin at 12:30 p.m. today at the corner of Jasman and Raff. He's supposed to take me on a date with a German officer, a military attache in the limitrophic states, Storman, and Werner, seconded to the German embassy here. Both speak Russian well. The date is arranged on the initiative of Scoblin. Maybe it's a trap, so I'll leave this note just in case. September 22, 1937. Lieutenant General Miller." Eugene Miller. Photo: wikipedia.org General Miller, kidnapped by UGPU agents, was euthanized and delivered to the Soviet merchant ship Maria Ulyanova, which departed for the USSR, in a wooden box disguised as a diplomatic cargo. In Moscow, Miller was placed in Lefortovo and held in solitary confinement no.110 under the name of Peter Ivanov. Miller didn't betray anyone or betray anyone. At one of his last interrogations, he said: "I will not commit suicide primarily because my religion forbids me. Death will be my last service to the Motherland and the King. I will show the world and my soldiers that there is honor and valor in the Russian breast. I'm not going to die." On May 11, 1939, General Miller was shot dead on the orders of the drug lord of the Interior Ministry, Lawrence Beria. His body was cremated, his ashes were buried in a common grave on the territory of the Don Monastery in Moscow. His captors , agents of the Soviet intelligence Tretyakov and Kusongsky - after the occupation of France by Hitler's troops were arrested by the Gestapo and died in concentration camps. General Scoblin fled to Spain, where he was eliminated by Soviet intelligence. But the experience of the UGPU decades later was used by American intelligence. Similarly, like Miller from Paris, a member of the 8th KGB General Directorate of the USSR, Major Viktor Sheimov, disappeared from the USSR. In the spring of 1980, he went with his wife Olga and daughter Elena on "Moscow" on vacation and disappeared with his family. Sheimov served in the department that provided the protection of encryption communications. Sheimov's activities included the maintenance of encryption communications of Soviet embassies and residents of Soviet intelligence. In search of Sheimov and members of his family were thrown all units of the state security and police of the Soviet Union - with zero result, although a couple of criminals under the pressure of the police took responsibility, confessed to the murder of the whole family and were shot.
After a while, the 2nd General Directorate of the KGB of the USSR, having analyzed all the circumstances of Sheimov's disappearance, came to the conclusion that they were taken on an American transport plane, which arrived for this special flight to Moscow, because the next day on the arrival of a suspicious special flight to the Soviet capital, it was delivered two large wooden boxes, declared as diplomatic cargo. After their loading on board the plane immediately left the Ussr. It turned out that Viktor Sheimov, while on a business trip in Poland, proactively went to the U.S. intelligence services and offered them their services. The removal of Sheimov and his family from the Soviet Union unfixed by the Soviet secret services contributed to the fact that the Soviet Union after The disappearance of Sheimov for a long time did not change the encryption systems in their embassies and residents of the intelligence, which allowed the U.S. National Security Agency to read all intercepted encrypted Soviet messages sent to Moscow. Source
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